Hypercalciuria in children with recurrent UTI

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children. Recurrent UTI causes serious complications such as renal scarring, proteinuria and hypertension. Recent studies have  reported  that hypercalciuria  may  be considered  a  risk  factor  for  recurrent  UTI. Materials and Methods: In this study 110 children 2months to 13years old age with recurrent UTI were evaluated for hypercalciuria, urinary tract anomalies and voiding dysfunction, constipation, reflux and scars of the kidney. Hypercalciuria was defined as a calcium/creatinine ratio more than 0.21 in at least two morning spot urine test. Recurrent UTI was defined as at least 3 episodes of cystitis or 2 episodes of pyelonephritis. Results: There was 110 children: 103 female (93.6) and 7 male    (6.4). Mean age was 4.35 ­­­­­± 2.05. Frequency of recurrent UTI was 2.7 times. The most common symptom was dysuria (73%) and frequency (60%), abdominal pain (44%). Hematuria was seen in 60% 0f patients with recurrent UTI and hypercalciuria. Mean calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.87±0.32 that detected in 37.7% of children with recurrent UTI. Familial history of hypercalciuria was detected in 13.6% of patients. Microlithiasis was detected in 83.3% of children with recurrent UTI and hypercalciuria. Patients with hypercaluria received hydrochlrotiazid for 3- 18 months (mean 8.3±3.1 months).